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Verify the signature before paying the story.

Match the signer, item, inscription, provenance and authentication record. Learn the difference between witnessed signatures, expert opinions, autopens, secretarial signatures, preprints and seller-made certificates.

Core rule: A certificate is not the autograph. Verify who issued it, what they examined and whether the record matches the exact item.
A. Collector
SIGNED
MEMORABILIA
Marketplace research

Use five comparisons for every autograph.

Is authentication worth the cost?

Compare unauthenticated value, authenticated value, fees, shipping and negative-opinion risk.

Open the calculator

Inherited a collection?

Keep every certificate with its exact item and verify before accepting a bulk offer.

Read the estate guide